{"id":3745,"date":"2022-04-02T18:32:24","date_gmt":"2022-04-02T18:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/linksus.net\/alzheimers-scientists-stop-memory-loss-in-mice-using-nose-drops-medical-news-today\/"},"modified":"2022-04-02T18:32:24","modified_gmt":"2022-04-02T18:32:24","slug":"alzheimers-scientists-stop-memory-loss-in-mice-using-nose-drops-medical-news-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/2022\/04\/02\/alzheimers-scientists-stop-memory-loss-in-mice-using-nose-drops-medical-news-today\/","title":{"rendered":"Alzheimer's: Scientists stop memory loss in mice using nose drops – Medical News Today"},"content":{"rendered":"

It is estimated that more than 55 million people<\/a><\/hl-trusted-source> worldwide have dementia, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/a> (AD) accounts for 60% to 70% of that number. In the U.S. alone, six million<\/a> live with this debilitating form of memory loss.
There is no cure for AD. While much remains unknown about the disease, scientists increasingly suspect that neuroinflammation may play a role.
Now, researchers from Karolinska Institute in Sweden and LSU Health New Orleans have released a study that suggests a comparatively simple way of investigating inflammation\u2019s effect on AD and possibly treating it.
The study\u2019s authors successfully halted memory loss in mice with AD with the noninvasive, intranasal delivery of a compound known to resolve neuroinflammation.<\/strong>
The study was published in the journal Communications Biology<\/a><\/hl-trusted-source><\/em>.
Dr. Tharick Pascoal<\/a>, M.D., Ph.D., an assistant professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (Pitt), who was not involved in the study, told Medical News Today<\/em>:
\u201cThese results are important because they support the idea that it is possible that the use of a noninvasive intranasal delivery method can lead to an effective therapeutic effect on the brain of AD patients, contrasting to more complicated intravenous infusion methods.\u201d
\u201cIn addition,\u201d said Dr. Pascoal, the study\u2019s \u201cfindings support the idea that an anti-inflammatory effect imposed on the AD brain may have a protective, rather than deleterious effect. Several previous studies have shown to halt AD progression in animal models, [but] have not confirmed the results in live humans.\u201d
Dr. Pascoal was the lead author of a 2021 study<\/a><\/hl-trusted-source> providing evidence of neuroinflammation\u2019s importance in AD.
Researchers have understood that AD disrupts communication between the brain\u2019s neurons for some time.<\/strong>
The disease deposits amyloid plaques<\/a> between neurons which block their interconnectivity, and produces neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins<\/a> inside neurons that prevent them from functioning.
However, researchers have also found that the mere presence of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain does not automatically mean a person has an active case of AD. Recent research<\/a> suggests that neuroinflammation may be Alzheimer\u2019s elusive trigger.
\u201cIt is still unclear whether amyloid plaque formation or inflammation starts first,\u201d the lead author of the new study, Dr. Ceren Emre<\/a> of the Karolinska Institute and currently healthcare equity analyst at ABG Sundal Collier, told Medical News Today<\/em>.<\/strong>
\u201cHowever,\u201d Dr. Emre noted, \u201cit is evident that there is a vicious circle where amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles activate CNS [central nervous system] immune cells, which consequently release molecules known as cytokines in order to recruit more immune cells to the site of inflammation with the intention of removing the plaques and tangles.\u201d
Dr. Pascoal said it was possible that \u201cduring abnormally increased neuroinflammation, inflammation-related cells that intend to clean up the brain are, in fact, dysfunctional and contaminating the brain.\u201d
Dr. Emre told MNT<\/em> that an intranasal delivery system to administer medication was \u201cattractive\u201d for both patients and doctors.
\u201cIt is noninvasive and \u2014 importantly \u2014 painless,\u201d she said.<\/strong>
\u201cThis type of delivery also prevents gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism, where the drug gets metabolized at a specific location\/organ, reducing its concentration,\u201d Dr. Emre added.
Dr. Emre elaborated on why the nose was an attractive delivery route:
\u201cThe nose is a complex organ with three different functional areas: vestibular, olfactory, and respiratory areas. The olfactory region\u2019s adjacency to the cerebrospinal fluid and direct connection to the brain via the trigeminal nerve pathway <\/a><\/hl-trusted-source>made it an attractive route for nose-to-brain delivery.\u201d
Dr. Emre said olfactory neurons picked up the molecules inside the nasal cavity and traveled until they reached the nerve ends. From there, the molecules would actively be transported outside of cells (a process called exocytosis<\/a>)<\/a> into the olfactory bulb.
\u201cAt this point, the molecules can enter into cerebral spinal fluid to be distributed to the rest of the brain,\u201d she explained.
Neuroinflammation is one of the body\u2019s defense mechanisms. Therefore, scientists have not assumed that taking an anti-inflammatory approach would help AD patients.
However, Dr. Pascoal told MNT<\/em> that the new study\u2019s findings \u201csupport the idea that an anti-inflammatory effect imposed on the AD brain may have a protective, rather than deleterious, effect.\u201d<\/strong>
\u201cHuman clinical trials showed no direct effect of anti-inflammatory drugs mitigating AD progression,\u201d said Dr. Pascoal, stressing that earlier clinical trials targeting neuroinflammation pathways in AD had produced limited results because of several methodological issues.
Intranasal delivery, as employed in the new study, apparently avoids these methodological issues.<\/strong>
While describing the study as \u201cpromising,\u201d Dr. Pascoal added:
\u201cWe should be cautious while the results are not confirmed in living AD patients who have a more complex disease than we currently can model in animals.\u201d
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It is estimated that more than 55 million people worldwide have dementia, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) accounts for 60% to 70% of that number. In the U.S. alone, six million live with this debilitating form of memory loss.There is no cure for AD. While much remains unknown about the disease, scientists increasingly suspect that neuroinflammation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":869,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/869"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3745"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linksus2.linksus.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}